Source: cleanenergynews.ihsmarkit.com
India intends to quintuple the size of a subsidy scheme for domestic solar photovoltaic (PV) module makers, pushing forward with the country's Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India) strategy for decarbonizing its economy.
To help counter climate change, the world's third largest GHG emitter is aiming to have 500 GW of renewable energy capacity installed by 2030—including at least 280 GW of solar—before reaching net-zewo emisyon by 2070.
"This decarbonization strategy opens up huge employment opportunities and will take the country on a sustainable development path," Indian Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman told the country's parliament in diskou bidjè anyèl la 1 February.
Sitharaman te di nan bidjè a pou mwa avril 2022 rive mas 2023, New Delhi ta asiyen yon lòt 19,500 crore (2.61 milya dola) nan pwogram Pwodiksyon Linked Incentive (PLI) pou ankouraje manifakti modil PV domestik.
PLI a, ki te kòmanse ak Rs 4,500 crore (600 milyon) nan dènye bidjè anyèl la, ofri sibvansyon pou seleksyone plant modil yo baze sou lavant yo, kalite pwodwi yo, ak kontni lokal yo.
IHS Markit estimates 80 percent -90 percent of India's solar components are imported, with China the main supplier. Government figures show India currently has annual production capacity of just 2.5 GW for PV cells and 9-10 GW for modules.
But the initial PLI budget will help drive the expansion of India-based manufacturers, according to the National Investment Promotion Facilitation Agency (NIPFA), and India's capacity of integrated module plants that can convert wafer-ingots to modules is expected to rive nan 10 GW by the end of March 2023.
The government agency expects India's annual module manufacturing capacity to expand by 30-35 GW between 2021 and 2025, in part driven by strong demand and policy incentives.
New Delhi is hoping to generate employment opportunities and attract foreign investment as a result of expanding the PV manufacturing sector, said Amit Manohar, yon espesyalis envestisman nan NIPFA.
"After a decade of innovation and cost reductions, the solar energy sector has evolved to a major source of energy, and it could potentially serve 30 percent or more of India's electricity demand by 2030," Manohar said.
Atmanirbhar Bharat estrateji
Since 2020, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been promoting the Atmanirbhar Bharat strategy in several sectors—including renewables—to boost domestic manufacturing capacity in a post-COVID recovery.
Nan bidjè pou mwa avril 2021 rive mas 2022, New Delhi te enjekte Rs 1,000 crore (133 milyon) nan Solar Energy Corporation of India ak Rs 1,500 crore (200 milyon) nan Ajans Endyen Devlopman Enèji Renouvlab. Antite yo responsab pou dirije divès pwogram ankourajman gouvènman santral-patwone.
Depi Avril 2021, sèlman konpayi ki sou yon lis tout-Endyen, ki apwouve pa modil yo te pèmèt yo òf nan òf solè patwone pa gouvènman santral la.
Epitou, gouvènman an planifye pou enpoze yon devwa ladwàn de baz 40 pousan sou modil solè enpòte ak 25 pousan sou selil apati avril sa a.
Kashish Shah, an analyst at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, suggested the policy initiatives' effects are likely to be compounded by pwoblèm chèn ekipman in the global PV industry. "Module manufacturing in India has never been more viable," Shah di last December.
Avèk siyal politik fò yo, kèk gwo biznis Endyen te anonse gwo pwogram envestisman renouvlab ki mete yon gwo konsantre sou enèji solè.
Li te fikse yon sib pou konstwi 100 GW nan kapasite solè pa 2030, Reliance Industries ane pase a te di ke li pral lanse yon plant panèl PV entegre nan Jamnagar apre yo fin achte REC Group pou 771 milyon dola. Yo espere plant la gen yon kapasite inisyal 4 GW chak ane anvan evantyèlman monte jiska 10 GW.
In January, Reliance, India's largest publicly traded company by market capitalization, announced inisyativ envestisman renouvlab totaling Rs 595,500 crore (80 billion), and a substantial proportion of the money will be used to develop manufacturing facilities for PV modules, electrolyzers, batteries, fuel cells, as well as hydrogen and low-carbon energy projects in Gujarat over the next 10-15 years.
Rival conglomerate Gwoup Adani plans to invest 50 billion to 70 billion in decarbonization projects in the next decade, including 20 billion in renewable energy generation. It aims to have a solar manufacturing capacity of 2 GW per annum by the end of March 2023.
While the government's policies are prompting more investment in domestic manufacturing, IHS Markit Renewable Analyst Ankita Chauhan warned of short-term disruptions to solar installations in the country.
"Current domestic manufacturing is not sufficient to meet the domestic demand, and it may take another three to five years to build it up," said Chauhan, adding that the policies favoring Indian manufacturers will push up overall costs, and restrict vendor choices for procurement and project timelines.
Montre m lajan an
Nan dènye bidjè anyèl la, gouvènman Endyen an te di tou ke li pral amelyore resiklaj, ankouraje agroforestry, adopte yon politik echanj batri pou machin elektrik kèlkeswa kote rezo chaje yo pa solid, epi ranplase 5 pousan -7 pousan nan chabon yo itilize nan plant elektrik tèmik yo. granules byomass, pami lòt mezi dekarbonizasyon.
Sitharaman said India will issue sovereign green bonds in the coming fiscal year to fund "green infrastructure" in the public sector, without elaborating.
Official data showed India had 150.5 GW of renewable capacity installed in November when large hydropower projects were taken into account. This means annual capacity additions of 40-50 GW will be required to meet the government's 500 GW target by 2030.
"On a very conservative capital funding calculation the investment required for achieving the target is approximately 210 billion," said Manohar, adding that both public and private stakeholders need to contribute.
Nan yon nòt ki te pibliye mwa pase a, analis IHS Markit te estime peyi Zend ap bezwen plis pase 28 milya dola nan envestisman anyèl pou atenn objektif 2030 la, konpare ak depans mwayèn 7 milya dola nan senk ane ki sot pase yo.
"Project developers are tapping international capital markets to access low-cost financing, but the government needs to improve regulatory transparency, introduce a uniform green taxonomy, and provide targeted interventions to improve access to low-cost international capital," the note said.
Anplis mete lajan nan kapasite jenerasyon ki ba-kabòn, chèchè nan Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory nan peyi Etazini te di ke moun ki gen enterè Endyen yo pral bezwen envesti 40 milya dola nan 63 GW nan depo batri pou asire estabilite rezo a.
Still, they believe renewable expansion will be the cheapest overall option in meeting India's rising electricity demand.
"Dramatic cost reductions over the last decade for wind, solar, and battery storage technologies position India to leapfrog to a more flexible, robust, and sustainable power system for delivering affordable and reliable power to serve demand that will nearly double by 2030," they said in yon etid published last December.